国外地球同步轨道气象卫星成像观测模式发展分析

Analysis on the Observation Model of Foreign Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

经过多年的发展,国外气象卫星从定时开展全圆盘观测逐步发展到定时全圆盘观测与灵活的区域观测相结合的灵活机动观测模式。定时全圆盘观测主要用于支持大尺度天气系统追踪,数值预报应用以及气候数据集建设;区域观测主要是充分发挥新一代卫星成像仪器时间空间分辨率的优势,开展1000～2000km尺度天气系统,尤其是中小尺度快速变化的对流系统和台风的监测,为天气分析和预警服务。选取有代表性的新一代静止气象卫星两类成像仪器,以采用长线列二维扫描成像机制的美国GOES-R成像仪/欧洲MTG成像仪和采用焦平面成像机制的韩国气象海洋卫星海洋水色仪作为典型光学成像类仪器,讨论其灵活成像模式,以期为我国第二代静止气象卫星风云四号的观测模式优化提供参考。

After years of development,the observation mode of foreign geostationary meteorological satellite was progressively developed from regular full disk to a combination of regular full disk and regional mode.Regular full disk observations used to support tracking of large-scale weather systems,applications of numerical weather prediction and construction of climate data sets,while regional observations used to monitor 1000-2000 km scale weather systems,especially typhoon and rapidly changing small and medium-scale convective systems.Regional observation gives a full play to the new generation of satellite imaging instruments advantage of temporal and spatial resolution in weather analysis and early warning service.In order to provide reference of the observation mode optimization for China＇s second generation geostationary meteorological satellites（fengyun4 series）,two representative typical optical imaging instruments of new generation geostationary meteorological satellites,linear array two-dimensional scanning imaging instrument of GOES-R（US） MTG（Europe） and focal plane array ocean color instrument of Korea Meteorological ocean satellite,are selected to discuss its flexible imaging mode.