汉语介词“言谈—求索”的演变

Evolution from Discourse Prepositions to Quest Prepositions in Chinese

汉语史上,大多数求索介词,如"问""向"等的直接来源都是引进言谈对象的介词,"言谈—求索"的演变具有认知与句法的基础。从认知因素看,求索行为通常凭借言说行为实现,言谈行为通常含有获取信息或回应的目的,求索行为含有获取物资或帮助的目的。从句法上看,"P+N2+V"是言谈介词和求索介词同处的句法结构,言谈介词产生之后,伴随构式中V的次类扩展,出现了"言谈—求索"的演变。

In the history of Chinese,most of the quest prepositions,such as wen（ 问）,xiang（ 向）,all directly originated from the prepositions which introduce the talker. The evolution has the cognitive and syntactic basis. From the cognitive？ factors,quest behavior usually relies on discourse behavior. Discourse behavior usually contains the purpose of acquiring information or getting response while quest behavior contains the purpose of acquiring materials or getting help. From the syntactic factors,the type of ＂P ＋ N2＋ V＂is the syntactic structure of discourse and quest prepositions. After the producing of discourse prepositions,there is evolution from discourse prepositions to quest prepositions in Chinese with the expansion of the verb in structure.