促进健康身体活动政策及实施策略的国际比较研究

A Cross-country Analysis of Health-enhancing Physical Activity Policies and Implementation Strategies

运用文献资料法、比较分析法对美国、英国、澳大利亚、芬兰和毛里求斯促进健康身体活动政策及实施策略进行了梳理,并运用政策分析框架与我国《全民健身计划》进行比较。研究结果表明:(1)从政策基本内容上来看,各国促进健康身体活动政策的发布部门、政策时限存在差异,但是普遍都有前期政策作为支撑,政策远景是国民更多地参与身体活动,身体活动成为生活不可或缺的内容,政策目标是通过身体活动提高身体素质和促进健康。(2)根据身体活动政策评价标准对五国政策进行比较,各国政策中普遍包含有标准的主要内容,表明身体活动政策评价标准具有较好的政策评价作用。(3)各国政策中有关资源支持的内容较为薄弱,同时都非常重视对于政策的评估。(4)我国全民健身政策应当加强与其他社会领域政策的合作,并进一步完善我国身体活动指南。

The present paper is a comparative study between the health-promoting physical activity policies and their implementation strategies of the United States,Britain,Australia,Finland and Mauritius,and China＇s＂National Fitness Program＂,using a policy analysis framework. The results show that：（ 1） there are differences in the issuers and timelines of the policies,but most of the policies have supporting policies,their visions are to encourage people to participate in physical activity,which has become an indispensable part of life,and their goals are to improve physical fitness and promote health through physical activity;（ 2） the policies of the five countries all contain the major elements of the criteria for a successful national physical activity policy,which means the criteria can effectively evaluate the policy;（ 3） these policies lack resources support,but highlight policy evaluation;（ 4） China＇s＂National Fitness Program＂should strengthen cooperation with policies of other social areas and improve the national guideline for health enhancing physical activity.