习惯教育视野下小学生体育锻炼习惯养成机制与策略研究

Research on the Strategies and Mechanism of Pupils' Physical Exercise Habits Nurturance from the Perspective of Habitual Education

采用文献资料调研等方法,以习惯教育为视域,从小学教育阶段为什么是体育锻炼习惯养成的关键切入,在辨析相关概念的基础上分析了小学生体育锻炼习惯养成机制,并提出了相应的养成策略。研究认为,体育锻炼习惯是个体在长期运动实践中逐渐形成的对运动健身认识不断升华并将其内化成一种坚定执着的信念,在这种信念指引下所形成的需要意识参与和意志努力的自觉锻炼行为。制度他律、环境润育、主体自律在小学生体育锻炼行为发展的不同层次具有不同的作用。养成策略在于严格按照学校各种规章制度督促学生认真执行,突出运动健身信念的引导,并通过积极营造良好的体育锻炼氛围,形成正确的舆论向导,充分发挥榜样力量,最终促使小学生形成良好的体育锻炼意识、积极的体育锻炼态度,建立坚定的运动健身信念以及有效的自我约束行为。

The present paper first answers,from the point of view of habitual education,the question why primary school is key to the nurturance of physical exercise habits. Then it analyzes the mechanism of nurturing physical exercise habits of primary students before proposing corresponding strategies. The paper argues that that physical exercise habits are consciousness-and-will-power-involving autonomous exercising behavior which is guided by a conviction formed and internalized in long time participation in physical exercise about the role of exercise in health promotion. System-imposed discipline,the environment to which the pupil is exposed and self-discipline play different roles at different developmental levels of a pupil＇s physical exercise behavior. The nurturance strategies for such behavior are to educate them to follow rules and regulations strictly,to stress the guidance of their faith in exercise-induced health promotion,to build a good physical exercising atmosphere,to form correct public opinion guidance,and to make full use of the power of examples. The ultimate outcome is to prompt the pupils to form a good awareness of,a positive attitude towards,a strong faith in and an effectively self-disciplined behavior of physical exercise.