试论“施利芬计划”失败的原因

A Discussion on the Causes of the Failure of the Schlieffen Plan

"施利芬计划"是德军前总参谋长施利芬最早提出、经小毛奇修改并据以指导一战初期德军作战的计划。"施利芬计划"之所以失败,原因是多方面的:"施利芬计划"制订阶段存在的缺乏预见、僵硬呆板等先天不足埋下了失败的隐患;小毛奇对"施利芬计划"中兵力配置的大幅调整严重削弱了右翼,从而使德军缺乏实现计划的强大实力和有效手段;"施利芬计划"在实施过程中的一系列战略战术失误及错误指挥最终葬送了该计划。

Schlieffen Plan was formulated by Alfred von Schlieffen, the German＇s former chief of staff. It was revised by Schlieffen＇s successor Helmuth Ludwing yon Moltke and was applied to at the beginning of the World War I. There are many reasons for the failure of this plan： its inner deficiency such as rigidity and the lake of foresight sowed the seeds of its failure; the substantial adjustment of force allocation in Schlieffen Plan by Moltkeit severely weakened the right wing, leading to the Germans＇ lack of powerful strength and effective means to achieving the plan; a series of tactical errors and commanding mis- takes in the implementation process of the plan finally ruined the plan.