再谈美国人权外交的背景、实践及评价(1977～1981)

Talk about Background,Practice and Evaluation of the America's Human Rights Diplomacy(1977～1981)

卡特主政美国时,对外极力提倡和推行人权外交政策。这是以总统为代表的行政当局深信人权问题对当时的美国来说,既是自身道德与理想外交传统的自然延伸,又是对内外诸种压力与挑战所做出的现实性、能动性反应。在贯彻与落实的过程中,针对不同地区或政治体制的人权外交对象,依据国家利益的实际需要,当局采取主动灵活性的政策与举措,而不是搞僵硬的"一刀切"。在总体上不太成功的大前提下,在一定范围和意义上切实唤醒了人权状况恶劣国家的民众的人权意识,缓解了人权遭受严重践踏的程度,而且对此后美国政府的人权外交政策影响深远。

During the Carter Administration, the American foreign policy of human rights was strongly advocated and im- plemented. The president, on behalf of the executive authorities, was believed that human rights issues on that time, which was not only natural extension of American morality and ideal foreign tradition, but also the reality and dynamic response on various kinds of pressure and challenges towards America. In the process of implementation, according to the different regions or the political system of the human rights＇ diplomacy object, American Executive authorities on the basis of the actual needs of the national interests, took active flexibility of policies and measures, rather than engaged in rigidly ＂one size fits all＂. Under the premise of the less successful on the whole, in the certain scope and significance, it＇s really awaken the people＇s consciousness of human rights on the countries of poor human rights situation, alleviated human rights suffered severely trampled, and later the U.S. government＇s human rights foreign policy has had a profound influence.