欧盟一体化进程中的共同运输政策

EU's Common Transport Policy

本文介绍并评论了欧共体 /欧盟共同运输政策的形成以及在该领域发生的一些重大变化 ,包括从强调运输行业特殊性到服从共同体自由市场的统一原则 ,从一国内部事务和国际协调到统一的共同体一致行动 ,从依靠困难的“一致同意”到相对有效率的政策制订原则 ,从较单纯的跨国界自由运输到建立统一和高效的跨欧运输网络并注重可持续的流动性等 ,还分析了该共同运输政策目前存在的问题。

The paper reviews the development of Common Transport Policy (CTP) in the postwar European integration. Since CTP was initially enacted by the Treaty of Rome in the 1950s, great changes have been taken place in this field: transport has been changed from a special sector to a subject to the Treaties' general free market rules, from member states' domestic matters to the co-ordinations between them, and then the common actions of the Community; EU's decision-making ability on such issues has been improved from 'unanimity voting' to the effective “qualified majority voting'; and the CTP's aims have been switched from merely focusing on cross-border transport freedom to establishing the unified Trans-European Networks and underlining the importance of sustainable mobility; etc. The paper also points out problems existing in Common Transport Policy.