呼伦湖主要入湖河流克鲁伦河丰水期污染物通量(2010—2014)

Pollutant influx from the main river( Kherlen River) of Lake Hulun in wet seasons,2010-2014

为控制呼伦湖的水体恶化趋势,利用2010-2014年的水质监测数据首次对呼伦湖的主要入湖河流——克鲁伦河丰水期（6-8月）氨氮、总氮、总磷和化学需氧量等污染物的入湖通量进行详细研究.采用单因子指数法对水质进行评价,通过等标污染负荷确定入湖口的首要污染物,利用相关性分析研究水质、水量、污染物通量三者之间的相互关系.结果表明：克鲁伦河入湖口水体受总氮与化学需氧量污染较为严重,均处于V类或劣V类水平,总磷浓度整体处于Ⅲ~Ⅳ类水平.污染物入湖通量有逐年递增之势,2014年稍有下降,总氮的等标污染负荷最高,为入湖口的主要污染物.入湖口水质与水量呈现出一定的正相关关系,水量是影响污染物入湖通量的关键因子,而入湖水质则是影响入湖通量的主要影响因子.控制总氮及化学需氧量的入湖通量是当前的首要任务,合理控制放牧、将村镇的污废水处理后达标排放是减轻河湖水体污染的当务之急.

In order to control the water deterioration of Lake Hulun,using the water quality monitoring data of Kherlen River which is the main river into Lake Hulun in the wet seasons（ from June to August） of 2010-2014 to study the pollutant influx of ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and CODCrin detail. Single factor index method was used in water quality evaluation and the primary pollutant was found out by the equal standard pollution load in the estuary. Correlation analysis was used to study the relationship among water quality,water quantity and pollutant influx. The results showed that during the study period the water in estuary was polluted by total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand seriously,all stayed in class Ⅴ or substandard V level. Total phosphorus was at a level of class Ⅲ to Ⅳ. Pollutant influx were increasing year by year and there was a slight decline in 2014. The equal standard pollution load of total nitrogen was the highest of all and became the primary pollutant in the estuary. There was certain positive correlation between water quality and water quantity in the estuary. Water quantity was the key factor affecting the pollutant influx,while water quality was the main factor. At present,control the influx of TN and CODCris the primary task. Reasonable controlling of grazing and making the wastewater of town up to the discharging standard after processing are imperative to reduce the water pollution of river and lake.