年龄相关性血管硬度与血压的关系研究

Relationship Between Age- related Vascular Hardness and Blood Pressure

目的探讨年龄相关性血管硬度与血压的关系。方法选取2014年6月—2015年6月在天津市西青医院进行健康体检者504例,根据年龄分为青年组（≤44岁,n=82）、中年组（45-59岁,n=230例）、老年组（60-79岁,n=135例）和高龄组（≥80岁,n=57）。比较各组受试者血压及血管硬度,并分析血管硬度与血压的关系。结果青年组高血压检出率为20.73%（17/82）,中年组为32.61%（75/230）,老年组为42.22%（57/135）,高龄组为43.86%（25/57）。高龄组、老年组和中年组受试者收缩压和脉压高于青年组,高龄组和老年组受试者收缩压和脉压高于中年组（P〈0.05）;但老年组和高龄组受试者收缩压和脉压比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;各组受试者舒张压比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。高龄组、老年组和中年组受试者左侧踝臂脉搏波传导速度（baPWV）和右侧baPWV均高于青年组,高龄组和老年组受试者左侧baPWV和右侧baPWV均高于中年组,高龄组受试者左侧baPWV和右侧baPWV均高于老年组（P〈0.01）;高龄组、老年组和中年组受试者左侧踝臂指数（ABI）和右侧ABI均高于青年组,高龄组受试者左侧ABI高于中年组、老年组（P〈0.01）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,年龄与左侧baPWV和右侧baPWV均呈正相关（r值分别为0.531、0.556,P〈0.01）;而年龄与左侧ABI和右侧ABI均无直线相关性（r值分别为0.137、0.004,P〉0.05）。Mantel-Haenszel卡方检验结果显示,右侧baPWV与高血压分级无关（χ^2=1 229.67,P=0.355）,左侧baPWV与高血压分级亦无关（χ^2=1 239.35,P=0.277）;右侧ABI（χ^2=419.81）和左侧ABI（χ^2=351.59）均与高血压分级有关（P〈0.001）。结论随着年龄增长,血管硬度增加、收缩压升高,且血管硬度与血压有关。

Objective To investigate the relationship between age- related vascular hardness and blood pressure.Methods From June 2014 to June 2015, a total of 504 cases admitted to Xiqing Hospital for physical examination were collected,and they were divided into A group（ below or equal 44 years old,n = 82）,B group（ between 45 and 59 years old,n = 230）,C group（ between 60 and 79 years old,n = 135） and D group（ equal or over 80 years old,n = 57） according to age. Blood pressure and vascular hardness were compared among the four groups,and relationship between vascular hardness and blood pressure was analyzed. Results The detection rate of hypertension of A group was 20. 73%（ 17 /82）,of B group was32. 61%（ 75 /230）,of C group was 42. 22%（ 57 /135）,of D group was 43. 86%（ 25 /57）. SBP and pulse pressure of B group,C group and D group were statistically significantly higher than those of A group,SBP and pulse pressure of C group and D group were statistically significantly higher than those of B group（ P〈0. 05）; while no statistically significant differences of SBP or pulse pressure was found between C group and D group,nor was DBP among the four groups（ P〉0. 05）. Left- side baPWV and right- side baPWV of B group,C group and D group were statistically significantly higher than those of A group,left- side baPWV and right- side baPWV of C group and D group were statistically significantly higher than those of B group,left- side baPWV and right- side baPWV of D group were statistically significantly higher than those of C group（ P〈0. 01）. Left- side ABI and right- side ABI of B group,C group and D group were statistically significantly higher than those of A group,left- side ABI and right- side ABI of D group were statistically significantly higher than those of B group and C group（ P〈0. 01）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that,age was positively correlated with left- side baPWV（ r = 0. 531,P〈0. 01）and right- side baPWV（ r = 0. 556,P〈0. 01）,while age was not linearly correlated with left- side ABI（ r = 0. 137,P〉0. 05） or right- side ABI（ r = 0. 004, P〉0. 05）. Mantel- Haenszel chi- square test results showed that, right- side baPWV（ χ^2= 1 229. 67,P = 0. 355） or left- side baPWV（ χ^2= 1 239. 35,P = 0. 277） was not correlated with hypertension grading,while right- side ABI（ χ^2= 419. 81） and left- side ABI（ χ^2= 351. 59） were correlated with hypertension grading（ P 0. 001）. Conclusion As the increasing of age,the vascular hardness and SBP elevated,and vascular hardness has certain correlation with blood pressure.