隔代教养老年人心理健康状况及影响因素研究

Mental Health Status of Elders Doing Grandparenting and Its Influencing Factors

目的了解隔代教养老年人的心理健康状况,并探讨其影响因素。方法于2013年6月—2014年10月,采用方便抽样法选取在北京市7城区的社区、广场、公园、幼儿园和学校外正在教养孙辈的老年人735例,采用自编隔代教养调查表调查老年人的一般资料和隔代教养状况;采用生活满意度问卷、短抑郁量表、短孤独量表和中国人情感量表(简版)调查老年人的心理健康状况。影响因素分析采用多元线性回归分析。结果共发放问卷735分,回收有效问卷682份,有效回收率为92.8%。682例隔代教养老年人,生活满意度得分为(27.0±5.8)分,抑郁得分为0.0(0.0)分,孤独得分为(3.9±1.3)分,正性情绪得分为(22.5±4.5)分,负性情绪得分为(9.5±3.8)分。生活满意度得分与抑郁、孤独、负性情绪得分呈线性负相关(P<0.05),而与正性情绪得分呈线性正相关(P<0.05);抑郁得分与孤独、负性情绪得分呈线性正相关(P<0.05),而与正性情绪得分呈线性负相关(P<0.05);孤独得分与正性情绪得分呈线性负相关(P<0.05),而与负性情绪得分呈线性正相关(P<0.05);正性情绪得分与负性情绪得分呈线性负相关(P<0.05)。不同患慢性病情况、半年内生活事件发生情况的隔代教养老年人生活满意度、抑郁、孤独、正性情绪、负性情绪得分间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同教养孙辈意愿、与子女教养观念一致程度的隔代教养老年人生活满意度、抑郁、孤独、正性情绪、负性情绪得分间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,与子女教养观念一致程度、教养孙辈意愿、患慢性病情况最终进入所有回归方程(P<0.05),半年内生活事件发生情况进入除孤独外的其余回归方程(P<0.05)。结论隔代教养老年人的心理健康总体较好。与子女的教养观念一致程度、教养孙辈意愿、慢性病、生活事件是影响隔代教养老年人心理健康状况的主要因素。

Objective To investigate the mental health status of elders doing grandparenting and its influencing factors. Methods From June 2013 to October 2014,we used convenience sampling method to enroll 735 elders who were doing grandparenting in communities, squares, parks, kindergartens and schools in 7 districts in Beijing. Using self- designed grandparenting questionnaire,the general data and grandparenting condition were surveyed. Life satisfaction questionnaire,short depression scale,short loneliness scale and Chinese emotion scale（ simplified version） were used to survey the mental health status of the elders. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to investigate influencing factors. Results A total of 735 questionnaire were given out,and 682 questionnaire were returned with an effective rate of 92. 8%. The scores of life satisfaction,loneliness,positive emotion and negative emotion of the 682 elders were（ 27. 0 ± 5. 8）,0. 0（ 0. 0）,（ 3. 9 ± 1. 3）,（ 22. 5± 4. 5） and（ 9. 5 ± 3. 8） respectively. The score of life satisfaction was negatively correlated with the scores of depression,depression,loneliness and negative emotion（ P〈0. 05）,and was positively correlated with the score of positive emotion（ P〈0. 05）; the score of depression was positively correlated with the scores of loneliness and negative emotion（ P〈0. 05）,and was negatively correlated with the score of positive emotion（ P〈0. 05）; the score of loneliness was negatively correlated with the score of positive emotion（ P〈0. 05）,and was positively correlated with the score of negative emotion（ P〈0. 05）; the score of positive emotion was negatively correlated with the score of negative emotion（ P〈0. 05）. Grandparenting elders with different chronic diseases and life events within half a year were significantly different in the scores of life satisfaction, depression,loneliness,positive emotion and negative emotion（ P〈0. 05）. Grandparenting elders with different willingness degrees and consistent degrees with the parenting concepts of their children were significantly different in the scores of life satisfaction degree,depression,loneliness,positive emotion and negative emotion（ P〈0. 05）. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the consistent degree with the parenting concepts with their children,willingness of doing grandparenting and condition of chronic diseases entered all regression equations（ P〈0. 05）,and the occurrence of life events within half a year entered all regression equations except the one about loneliness（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The general mental health of elders doing grandparenting is in a good condition. The consistent degree, the willingness to do grandparenting, chronic diseases and life events are major influencing factors for mental health of elders doing grandparenting.