黑龙江西部低山丘陵区抗旱造林坡面集水处理技术研究

Sloping Water-Collection Technology of Drought Resistance Afforestation in Low Mountains and Hilly Areas of Western Heilongjiang

以明穴造林为对照,选取5种坡面集水处理措施(自然坡面、铲平拍光、覆膜、喷防水剂、撒水泥),探讨黑龙江西部坡面集水技术对植苗带(穴)土壤含水量、造林成活率及林木生长的影响,结果表明:集水效果以覆膜处理为最佳,其余依次为喷防水剂、铲平拍光、撒水泥、自然坡面;覆膜、喷防水剂、铲平拍光、撒水泥这几种处理的造林成活率显著高于对照(明穴造林),且能不同程度地促进幼苗生长,促进作用大小为覆膜>喷防水剂>铲平拍光>撒水泥>自然坡面。选取造林成活率、高生长量、处理成本、对环境影响4项指标,以樟子松为例,采取数据极差标准化处理方法对几种坡面处理进行的评价结果表明,自然坡面、覆膜及铲平拍光是较理想的坡面集水措施。

The paper discussed the influence of sloping water-collection technique used by western Heilongjiang to the soil moisture of stock-planting belt( hole),survival rate of afforestation and tree growth by taking hole afforestation as contrast and selecting 5-type measures of sloping water-collection including natural slope,compacting and leveling,film mulching,spraying water-proofing agent and spreading cement). The outcomes show that a) the water-collection effect of film mulching is the best,the rest are spraying water-proofing agent,compacting and leveling,spreading cement and natural slope in sequence and; b) the survival rate of afforestation of using the measures of film mulching,spraying water-proofing agent,compacting and leveling and spreading cement is obviously higher than that of the contrast( hole afforestation). It also can promote seedling growth in different degrees and the degree of promoting effect is film mulching>spraying water-proofing agent>compacting and leveling> spreading cement > natural slope. The evaluation results obtained by using 4 indexes of survival rate of afforestation,height increment,treatment cost and influence to the environment,taking Pinus sylvestris as an example and using the method of data range standardization show that the natural slope,film mulching and compacting and leveling are more ideal measures for sloping water-collection.