药用观赏植物——鸟巢蕨叶斑病病原菌鉴定初报

The preliminary report on identification of pathogen causing leaf spot of the medicinal and ornamental pteridophytes,Neottopteris nidus

鸟巢蕨(Neottopteris nidus)是一种集药用、食用、美化、净化于一身的蕨类植物,具有巨大的开发价值.采用单斑分离法于染病的鸟巢蕨植株中分离出2株真菌P1和P2,经形态学及分子生物学鉴定,P1为芸苔链格孢(Alternaria brassicae)、P2为交互枝顶孢(Acremonium alternatum).两者对鸟巢蕨均具有致病性,但其生物学特性不同:P1菌丝生长及产孢最适温度均为25℃,产孢最适湿度为35%,最适pH值为6,菌丝致死温度为50℃;而P2菌丝生长及产孢最适温度均为25℃,产孢最适湿度为55%,最适pH值为5,菌丝致死温度为60℃.光照对2种菌的菌丝生长影响不大,但全黑暗有利于两者产孢.P1的最适碳源、氮源、生长因子、无机盐分别为乳糖、酵母膏、吲哚乙酸和MgSO_4,而P2的分别为蔗糖、KNO_3、吲哚丁酸和NaH_2PO_4.

Neottopteris nidus is a kind of pteridophyte with high nutrition and good medicinal,ornamental and air purifying functions.In this paper,two strains of fungi,P1 and P2,were isolated from infected leaves of N.nidus using single spot separation method.Morphological and molecular biological results show P1 was Alternaria brassicae and P2 was Acremonium alternatum.Both of them were pathogenic to N.nidus.But their biological characteristics were different.The optimum growth temperature and spore production temperature of P1 were 25 ℃,the optimum spore production humidity was 35%,the optimum pH value was 6,and lethal temperature was 50 ℃.The optimum growth temperature and spore production temperature of P2 were 25℃,but the optimum spore production humidity was 55%,the optimum pH value was 5,and lethal temperature was 60℃.The effects of light on mycelium growth of two fungi strains were slight.However,total darkness was good for both spore productions.The optimum carbon source,nitrogen source,growth factor and inorganic salt of P1 were lactose,yeast extract,indole acetic acid and MgSO_4,respectively.And that of P2 were sucrose,KNO_3,indole butyric acid and NaH_2PO_4,respectively.