从居址到墓地:红山文化牛河梁遗址的时代变迁与功能转变

From settlement to cemetery:changes in the functions of Niuheliang site,Hongshan culture in different ages

通过对《牛河梁——红山文化遗址发掘报告(1983-2003年度)》发表的考古材料进行重新梳理和分析,把牛河梁遗址历年出土的红山文化遗存统一划分为两期三段。认定牛河梁遗址的早、晚两期分别代表了"居址"和"墓地"两个不同阶段,墓地阶段的早段属于红山文化中期,与中原地区的庙底沟文化年代相当,墓地阶段的晚段属于红山文化晚期,与中原和河套地区的半坡四期文化、庙子沟文化相当。将牛河梁遗址以积石冢为代表的墓地阶段的起始年代向前推进到了仰韶时代的中期,即公元前4 000年至公元前3 500年之间。认为牛河梁遗址的存续年代实际上贯穿了整个红山文化的早、中、晚三个发展阶段,

Through review and analysis of the archaeological materials published in Niuheliang—The Excavation of Hongshan Culture Site（1983—2003）,we distinguished all the materials of Hongshan Culture into two periods and three stages.It is identified that the early and late periods represent＂settlement＂and＂cemetery＂respectively.The early stage of the cemetery belongs to middle Hongshan culture which synchronizes with Miaodigou in Central Plain;while the late stage of the cemetery belongs to late Hongshan Culture which synchronizes with Banpo IV and Miaozigou Culture in Central Plain and Hetao Area.This brings the beginning date of Niuheliang cemetery represented by stone mound forward to the middle of Yangshao Age,i.e.4,000~3,500 BC.We suggested the chronology of Niuheliang site extended through all three periods of the Hongshan Culture instead of existing just in the late period of the culture.