生物质气化多联产技术的集成创新与应用

Integrated innovation and application of biomass gasification poly-generation technology

生物质气化作为生物质能源的一种主要形式,近几十年来得到了国内外的广泛关注和研究。但是由于传统技术燃气中焦油含量高、气化产物单一致使经济效益不佳、存在一定的环境污染及设备系统不够完善等难题,极大地阻碍了生物质气化技术的发展以及实现工业化规模的步伐。笔者所在的团队在国内外率先提出了基于"生物质气化(能源)多联产技术"的新发展思路,并进行了相应的技术研究与产业化应用。根据生物质资源特性不同,研究开发了适合农作物秸秆类的流化床气化多联产炉、果壳类下吸式气化多联产炉和木质类上吸式气化多联产炉,并针对不同的生物质气化产物研发了相应的产品利用路线。其中气相产物(可燃气)用于发电、供气或者热燃气(未经气液分离)直接烧锅炉供热或带动蒸汽轮机发电,该技术解决了燃气净化和焦油的两大难题;液相产物(生物质提取液)制备液体肥料;固相产物(生物质炭)根据生物质原料的不同可分别用于制备炭基有机-无机复混肥(秸秆类原料)、高附加值活性炭(果壳类和木片类)以及工业用还原剂和民用燃料(木质类)。生物质气化多联产技术新理念的提出以及相关核心技术设备的开发与应用也为生物质利用探索出了一条符合绿色、环保和循环、可持续产业发展的良好路径,生物质能源的发展只有与环境保护(空气、水、土壤及食品安全)相结合才是最根本的出路。

As the main solution to obtain biomass energy,biomass gasification technology has brought extensive attention in China and the world for the recent decades. However,the gasification problems,such as the high tar content in the gas,low financial profit due to only single product（ gas） being created,environmental pollution and the blemish of the equipment system,have limited the development and industrialization of the biomass gasification. This research team initiated the concept of＂biomass gasification（ energy） poly-generation technology＂in the world and has developed biomass gasification technology for a long time. Based on this concept,the corresponding technology research and industrial applications have been carried out. According to the characteristics of different biomass resources,three types of fluidized bed gasifiers for crops were invented. One was the fluidized bed gasifier for straws and others were the downdraft gasifier for fruit shells and updraft gasifier for wood. The corresponding product development route was formulated for each type of gasification product. Gas products can be used to generate electricity and heat. The gas without the gas-liquid separation was burned in a boiler to generate steam that can then be supplied to a steam turbine for generating electricity. This technology can solve the problems of the gas purification and tar pollution. The extracted liquid products were used to prepare liquid fertilizer. As a solid product,bio-char can be used to prepare organic or inorganic fertilizer（ from straw）,high value-added activated carbon（ from nut shell and wood）,reducing agents for industry and civilian fuel（ from wood）.The proposed concept,key technology and equipment accelerated the development of biomass gasification technology and its industrial application,which is a green and sustainable solution for biomass utilization. It is a promising approach to develop bio-energy with a combination of environmental protection（ air,water,soil and food safety）.