福建摩尼教祈雨与丝路沿线祈雨传统之关联

Fujian Manichaeism in Praying for Rain and Its Relevance to the Tradition along the Silk Road

摩尼教兴起于波斯,盛行于中国,近期福建新发现的摩尼教祈雨文献《祷雨疏》和《求雨秘诀》记载了一套完整的祈雨仪式。通过这些文献及史书所记载丝路各民族的祈雨习俗,可以看出,波斯摩尼教及其祈雨术在东传的过程中,粟特与回鹘起到了非常重要的作用。在公元843年回鹘摩尼僧开教福建后,摩尼教正式走向民间,其祈雨术完全与福建当地流行的道教和地方信仰融于一炉,形成了独具特色的祈雨传统。

Manichaeism,originated in Persia,sprang up in China in the 7th century. Recently,a group of new Manichaean manuscripts,the Dao-yu-shu and the Qiu-yu-mi-jue were found in Fujian Province,two of which were related to praying for rain. Both of them had rich content and were worth studying, especially the Dao-yu-shu,which recorded a complete set of the ceremony of praying for rain. Through the documents and historical records of the custom of praying for rain in the Silk Road, as can be seen,praying for rain of the Persian Manichaeism in the process of eastward, Sogdian and Uighur play a very important role.Uighur Manichaean monk began to preach his religion in Fujian in 843 A. D..Manichaeism trend to the folk formally and the custom of the praying for rain was fused with the local popular belief in Taoism completely,and formed a unique characteristic of the praying for rain traditional.