组合式三维机织复合材料的制备及其抗高速冲击性能

Preparation and high velocity impact performance of combined 3-D woven composites

为研发轻质柔软的高效防护装备,以超高分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维为原料,以正交与准正交结构单元为基础,设计了8种组合式三维机织结构,试制UHMWPE组合式机织复合材料。采用弹道侵彻试验及刚柔性试验测试了复合材料的抗高速冲击性能及柔软性,探讨了影响材料防弹性能及服用性能的主要因素。结果表明:正交结构单元能够有效抵抗剪切作用,适合作为冲击面;在高速冲击下,冲击面为正交结构单元的机织复合材料单位面积吸收能量值比冲击面为准正交结构单元的高出35.7%,但准正交结构单元对抗拉伸作用有优势,且准正交结构织物抗弯刚度值仅为组合式结构织物最大值的52%,具有较好的柔软性。

In order to develop light and soft protective equipment,8 kinds of combined woven structures with UHMWPE fibers as fiber material were designed based on orthogonal structure unit and quasi orthogonal structure unit. The high velocity impact performance was tested by ballistic penetration test,and softness was tested by bending strength test. Factors affecting their bulletproof property and wearability were discussed. The results show that orthogonal structure unit exhibits better shear resistance and is suitable as the impact face. At high speed impact,the unit of energy absorbed upon ballistic impact of orthogonal structure unit close to the impact face is 35. 7%,which is higher than that of quasi orthogonal structure. It is found that quasi orthogonal structure unit provides better tensile resistance and leads to better softness,and the value of its woven is only 52% of combined woven.