校园绿化植被对夏季高温的调节功能研究

Research on the Regulation Function of Campus Greening Vegetation to High Temperature in Summer

以福建师范大学校园为例,通过实地监测,分析不同绿化植被对夏季高温的调节作用.研究表明：校园内夏季不同下垫面类型在11：30-13：00时段空气温度差异最大,校园公园降温效果最显著.乔木覆盖率高的校园公园空气温度比校园水泥地面温度低2.5～6℃,平均低4.7℃;校园行道树空气温度比水泥地面低0.7～3.5℃,平均低2.1℃;草地降温效果最差,降温-1.0～2.3℃,平均降低1.3℃.公园对地面温度的降温效果最为显著,对校园近地表温度的垂直调节作用也最强.公园地面温度比水泥地面的地面温度低10.2～20℃,平均低14.6℃;公园的空气与地面温度差0～0.3℃,平均温差0.1℃,温差最小.绿化植被降温效果有一定阈值范围,当校园温度在这个阈值范围内,即校园温度达到30.5～33.5℃时,绿化植被的降温效果较显著.从降温的角度,建议福州城市规划设计中尽量增加乔木种植比例.

The campus of Fujian Normal University is taken as the example to analysis of the effect of different green vegetation on the regulation of high temperature in summer. Research shows that： on the burning hot summer noon,11： 30- 13： 00,the difference of the air temperature in different types of underlying surface is the biggest,and the cooling effect of the park is the most significant. Compared with the concrete floor,the air temperature of high arbor coverage of city parks is 2. 5 ～ 6 degrees lower,average low 4. 7 degrees; the air temperature under border trees is 0. 7 ～3. 5 degrees lower,average low 2. 1 degrees; and the lawns is- 1. 0 ～ 2. 3 degrees lower,average low 1. 3 degrees. The cooling effect on the ground temperature of the park is the most significant,and the vertical adjustment of the campus near surface temperature is also the strongest. Compared with the concrete floor,the floor temperature of park is 10. 2 ～ 20 degrees lower,average low 14. 6degrees; the air and ground temperature difference of the park is 0 ～ 0. 3 degrees,and the average temperature difference is 0. 1 degrees,which is minimum. There is a certain threshold range of the cooling effect of green vegetation. When the city temperature reaches 30. 5 ～ 33. 5 degrees,the cooling effect of green vegetation is the most significant. In conclusion,from the respective of teperature cooling,the ratio of trees should be increased in urban design.