城市规模与工资溢价

Urban Scale and Wage Premium

采用2010年中国综合社会调查（CGSS）城市居民数据、2010年第六次全国人口普查数据和2000年第五次全国人口普查数据，运用工具变量方法考察了城市规模对劳动者工资的影响。研究结论表明，中国100万--500万人口的大城市和500万以上人口的特大城市存在显著的城市规模工资溢价；生活成本差异是特大城市工资溢价的主要成因，聚集经济是大城市工资溢价的主要成因；高技能劳动者和低技能劳动者会从城市规模的扩张中获益。研究结论的政策含义是，适度规模的大城市应该是中国城市化道路的主攻方向；大城市不仅要吸收高技能劳动力，也应该对低技能劳动力采取包容性政策，农民工市民化有利于城市繁荣。

This paper makes use of the data of urban residents of China＇s Comprehensive Social Survey（CGSS） in 2010, the data of the Sixth National Population Census in 2010 and the data of the Fifth National Population Census in 2000 and employs the instrumental variable method to examine the impact of urban scale on workers＇ wages. The results show that there exists significant urban scale wage premium in China＇s large cities with 1~5 million population and megalopolis with over 5million population. The living cost difference and the agglomeration economy are the main causes of the wage premium in megalopolis and large cities respectively. Both the high and low skilled workers can benefit from the expansion of urban scale. The policy implications of the research findings are that the large cities of moderate scale should be the main direction of China＇s urbanization; the big cities should not only absorb high-skilled labors, but also be inclusive for low-skilled labors, the citizenization of migrant workers is conducive to the prosperity of the cities.