市场整合利于提升创新效率吗——基于创新能力与创新动力的新视角

Is Market Integration Conducive to Improving Innovation Efficiency?From the New Perspective of Innovation Ability and Innovation Impetus

市场整合对创新效率的影响可以从创新能力与创新动力两个不同的角度去分析。以2003-2012年中国30个省市工业部门的面板数据为研究对象,首先采用基于超越对数生产函数的随机前沿分析方法 (SFA)测算了创新效率,之后采用可以有效控制内生性问题的广义矩估计(GMM)方法考察了要素市场整合、商品市场整合以及其他因素对创新效率的影响。结果表明,中国工业部门的创新效率大致呈现上升趋势,且不同省市之间存在较大的差异;要素市场整合、商品市场整合对创新效率的当期影响并不明显,但存在滞后的积极影响。企业自有资金支持、居民文化素质水平、外资比重等因素的增加利于提升创新效率,而政府创新资助却不利于改善创新效率。因此,削弱地方政府干预经济的能力与动力,有效整合要素与商品市场,长期将有利于促进企业的自主创新。

The impact of market in tegration on innovation efficiency can be analyzed from the two perspectives： innovation ability and innovation impetus. Taking the panel data of China＇s industrial sector of 30 provinces and cities from 2003 to 2012 as the research objects, this paper firstly employs the stochastic frontier analy sis（SFA） method based on the translog production function to calculate the innovation efficiency then employs the generalized method of moment（GMM）, which can effectively avoid the endogenous problems, to investigate the influence of the factor market integration, commodity market integration and other factors on innovation efficiency. The results show that the innovation efficiency in China＇s industrial sector generally presents an upward trend, and there exit large differences among different provinces and cities; the current impact of factor market integration and commodity market integration on innovation efficiency is not obvious, but the lagging positive effect is much more significant. The increase of such factors as the support of funds at the disposal of enterprises, the residents＇ cultural qualities, and the proportion of foreign investments are conducive to the improvement of the innovation efficiency, while the funds support from the government is not. Therefore, weakening the ability and impetus of local governments＇ intervention to the economy and effectively integrating the factor and commodity markets will be helpful to the promotion of the independent innovation of enterprises over the long term.