中国农区工艺美术产业集群非正式学习机制研究--以神垕钧瓷产业集群为例

Study on the Informal Learning Mechanism of the Arts and Crafts Industrial Cluster in China Rural Areas:A Case of Shenhou's Jun Porcelain Cluster

从知识创造与扩散的视角,以竞争者的非正式地方化学习和全球传言性学习为核心概念,建构了一个农区工艺美术产业集群成长的分析框架.利用该框架,以河南神垕镇钧瓷产业集群为案例,研究了非正式学习的不同方式对农区工艺美术产业集群成长的影响.发现,基于临近性和互惠性的竞争者之间的非正式学习,是目前我国农区工艺美术产业集群成长的主要动力.其中,地方层面上以水平维度和社会维度的非正式学习为主,如劳动力流动、企业衍生、模仿、友情联系、地方传言等,而行业协会的作用并不明显;全球层面上则主要表现为传言性学习,多通过举办文化节、参加国际商品展销会等暂时性集聚活动而嵌入全球知识生态系统.认为要想解决农区传统技艺传承与产业现代化之间的深刻矛盾,关键是依托个体/企业间的非正式联系,构建多尺度、绵密的集群非正式学习网络.

In this era of global knowledge economy, acquisition and creation of knowledge have become the main source and foundation for companies to seek innovations. Corporate knowledge acquisition and learning networks are thus mainstream topics of research. However, horizontal interaction and networking between competitors as opposed to vertical value chain-based linkages have long been under-conceptualized in the literature on the internal and external structure of clusters. By exploiting various local and global informal knowledge linkages among competitors in Shenhou＇s Jun Porcelain industrial cluster which located in Yuzhou city, Henan province, China, this paper finds firstly that the most firms in the traditional arts and crafts industrial cluster in rural areas are competitors at present, lack of the division of labor and collaboration on the vertical dimension, and learn mainly by informal knowledge linkages on the horizontal dimension. Secondly, because these competitors are located in the same space, their geographical, social, cultural, and cognitive proximities have allowed them to develop a close and informal learning network, through labor mobility/spill-offs, friendship ties among competitors and competitive interaction, latest information and local buzz can be instantly transmitted or diffused in cluster, but the local business association does not play a significant role in their informal local learning. Finally, these competitors also make informal connections with global knowledge pipelines through international trade fairs or professional conferences, referred to as ＂global buzz＂. Within a specific institutional setting, participants not only acquire knowledge through meeting professionals from all over the world, face-to-face communication with other agents, and having direct interactions with them, but also obtain information by observing and systematically monitoring other participants. Thus, these competitors can make use of the informal learning field to collect knowledge about latest innovations, market tendencies, and seek suitable partners for knowledge collaboration.