山东省自然灾害时空分布规律与防灾减灾对策

Lows of Time-Space Distribution of Natural Disasters in Shandong Province and Disaster Prevention Countermeasures

通过对1949-2008年山东省自然灾害的各项统计数据进行分析,发现该省发生频率较高、造成损失较大的自然灾害主要有干旱、洪涝、霜冻、寒潮、冰雹和台风6种,且这6种自然灾害的发生存在明显的时空分布特征。从空间分布规律来看,旱灾区主要集中在鲁西—鲁西北平原和鲁中地区;洪灾区主要分布于鲁南和鲁东南内陆等地;霜冻和寒潮更多地发生在鲁北、鲁东北内陆地区和胶东半岛;雹灾区主要分布在鲁中南山地丘陵区和鲁西南地区;台风区则主要集中于胶东半岛和鲁东南沿海地区。从时间分布规律来看,山东省的旱灾以春旱为主,有的年份会出现冬—春二连旱,洪灾主要出现在夏季和秋季,霜冻灾害主要出现在冬季和早春,寒潮灾害主要出现在秋冬两季,雹灾则主要出现在晚春和初夏,台风灾害主要出现在秋季。为此针对山东省自然灾害分布特征,提出了加强农业基础设施建设、提高对自然灾害的预警预报能力等防灾减灾策略。

Through analyzing the statistical data of natural disasters between 1949 and 2008 in shandong province,find that there are six kinds of disasters occurred more frequency and can cause a large losses and the six kinds of natural disasters have obvious spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. From the point of spatial distribution, drought disaster areas are mainly concentrated in the west of shandong —northwest of Shandong and central of shandong province; Flooding area is mainly distributed in the southern and southeast inland of the province, etc; Frost and cold wave occurs more in the north,the northeast and the inland of jiaodong peninsula; Hailstorm areas are mainly distributed in south-central hilly area and southwest area;The typhoon area mainly focused on the jiaodong peninsula and the south-east coastal areas. From the point of time distribution, the drought disaster is given priority to spring-drought,and sometimes appear in winter and spring.Flooding mainly in summer and autumn and the frost disasters mainly appears in winter and early spring while cold disasters mainly appear in the autumn and winter. In addition, Hailstorm mainly appeared in the late spring and early summer and typhoon disasters mainly appear in the fall. Then in the view of the characteristics of natural disaster distribution in shandong province, put forward to the Disaster Prevention Countermeasures such as strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure、improve the ability of forecasting the early warning system for natural disasters.