山西古村镇区域类型与集群式保护策略

RESEARCH ON REGIONAL TYPES AND CLUSTERED CONSERVATION STRATEGY OF ANCIENT VILLAGES AND TOWNS IN SHANXI

古村镇是一定地域空间范围内的人文现象,它的起源、形成和发展都与特定的历史环境紧密关联,既是地理环境的适应产物,也是区域历史的物化形式,因此,呈现出不同的区域特征。本文从山西省在中国历史上特殊的地理环境和地缘政治出发,在九边重镇和开中飨边的国防政策下,在防守与流通的区域格局中,分析山西古村镇的历史成因,厘清山西省古村镇的特殊类型,包括长城沿线的军屯、汾河流域的家堡、清化古道的商镇、晋南盆地的聚落、黄河岸边的渡村、太行八陉的关村。并进一步结合地理空间、人文空间、行政空间,建构"四片两线"的山西省域古村镇空间体系,提出"集群式"的保护构架。

Viewed as a kind of cultural phenomena, the origination, formation and development of ancient villages and towns are related to the historical environment of certain spatial areas tightly. The villages and towns are both the outcome of adaptation to the geographic environment on one hand, and the materialized form of regional history, so they present various regional characteristics. This paper carries out the analysis of the historical context of villages and towns against the background of Shanxi＇s unique geographical and political environment, such as the national defense strategy of ＂establishing nine military towns and exploring the central land to support the frontier＂, and the regional pattern of ＂defense and exchange＂. The paper intends to analyze the historical causes for the formation of the ancient villages and towns in Shanxi and clarify special types of these villages and towns like the military-castle-type village along the Great Wall, businessmen＇s-courtyards-type village in Fen_he Basin, settlements clusters of castles in Qinhe Watershed, port-type settlements along Yellow River, and mountain-pass type towns and villages along Taihang Mountain. Moreover, taking geographic space, humanistic space and administration space into account, this paper goes on to claim ＂four areas and two lines＂ as the spatial pattern of ancient villages and towns in Shanxi, thus suggesting a ＂clustered＂ conservation framework.