胎次、月份及背膘厚度对母猪繁殖性能的影响

Effect of parity,birth month and backfat thickness on reproductive performance in sows

为探明不同胎次、产仔月份及背膘厚度对母猪繁殖性能的影响,对福建省某猪场3 972窝长大二元母猪的繁殖记录进行统计,选择不同阶段长大二元母猪508头测定其背膘厚度并记录产仔情况,按胎次、产仔月份及背膘厚度分别对母猪繁殖性能的影响进行分析。结果表明：长大二元母猪3-6胎的产仔性能较好,第1胎总产仔数、初生均重较低,显著低于2-7胎（P〈0.05）,产活仔数显著低于2-6胎（P〈0.05）;总产仔数及产活仔数在2,3,5月份较高,在1,11,12月份较低,产死胎窝数母猪最多在7,8月份;配种背膘厚18-20 mm组的总产仔数、活仔数显著高于背膘厚度≥21 mm组（P〈0.05）;断奶背膘厚16-20 mm组产仔性能较好但与其他组差异不显著（P〉0.05）;产前背膘厚度为20-23 mm组的总产仔数、产活仔数显著高于10-15 mm组（P〈0.05）,背膘厚度≥24 mm的母猪产死胎窝数比例最高为58%;泌乳阶段母猪背膘损失4-6mm之间母猪断奶至下一次发情间隔时间最短,显著少于背膘损失〉6 mm组及〈0 mm组（P〈0.05）。表明胎次、产仔月份、背膘厚度对母猪繁殖性能有较大影响。

In order to explore the effect of different parity,birth month and backfat thickness（ BF） on reproductive performance in sows,a total of 3 972 reproductive records of Landrace × Yorkshire（ LY） sows from a Fujian farm were analyzed and 508 sows（ LY） in different stages were selected for backfat thickness determination. The results showed that the reproductive performance from 3th to 6th parities were better than that of other parities. The total number born（ TNB）,birth weight（ BW） of 1st parity was significantly lower than those of 2nd to 7th parities（ P〈0. 05）,the number born alive（ NBA） was significantly less than those of 2nd to 6th parities（ P〈0. 05）. The TNB,NBA was higher in February,March and May,but lower in January,November and December. The number of stillbirth in July and August was higher than others. The TNB and NBA were higher in the group with BF from 18 mm to20 mm at mating compared with from ≥ 21 mm group（ P〈0. 05）. There was no difference in TNB and NBA among each BF groups of weaned sows（ P〉0. 05）. Before farrowing,BF of 20- 23 mm groups performed significantlyhigher TNB and NBA than the 10- 15 mm group（ P〈0. 05）,and BF ≥ 24 mm has the highest stillbirth proportion which was up to 58%. Besides,the back fat losses between 4- 6 mm during lactation had the shortest estrus interval,which was significantly lower than fat loss〉 6 mm group（ P〈0. 05） and 〈0 mm group（ P〈0. 05）. The study showed that parity,birth month,backfat thickness had significant effect on reproductive performance of sows.