杂交稻及其亲本稻米品质性状与遗传规律研究

Study on Quality Traits and Inheritance of Hybrid Rice and Its Parents

以通过审定并大面积推广和新配的18个杂交稻品种及其亲本为研究对象,以优质常规稻湘晚籼13号、湘晚籼17号、星2号和Basmati 370作对照,进行稻米品质中亲优势和超亲优势的遗传分析。结果表明,杂交稻的糙米率和精米率的平均中亲优势和平均超亲优势均表现为正;杂交稻的整精米率的中亲优势和超亲优势均表现为负;杂交稻平均千粒重为26.48 g,介于不育系和恢复系之间,平均中亲优势表现为正,平均超亲优势表现为负;杂交稻的平均粒长、粒宽和长宽比分别为6.59 mm、2.24 mm和2.98 mm,平均中亲优势和平均超亲优势均表现为正;杂交稻平均垩白粒率和垩白度为7.5%和17.86%,平均中亲优势和平均超亲优势均表现为负;杂交稻的直链淀粉含量平均为16.98%,介于不育系和恢复系之间,平均中亲优势表现为正,平均超亲优势表现为负;杂交稻的胶稠度平均为36.28mm,平均中亲优势和平均超亲优势均表现为负。因此,依据上述杂交稻亲本和杂种稻米品质遗传关联,可选择稻米品质适当的父母本来配置并选育具有理想米质的杂交稻组合。

Genetic analysis of the mid-parent heterosis and heterobeltiosis in rice quality was carried out by using the hybrid rice and their parents as the research objects. The results showed that the mid-parent heterosis and heterobeltiosis of brown rice and milled rice rate of hybrid rice were positive, the mid-parent heterosis and heterobeltiosis of head rice rate of hybrid rice were negative. The average 1 000-grains weight of hybrid rice was 26.48 g and ranged between the male sterile line and the restore line. The mid-parent heterosis of 1 000-grains weight of hybrid rice was positive and the heterobeltiosis of hybrid rice was negative. The average seed length, seed width and length-width ratio of hybrid rice was 6.59 mm, 2.24 mm and 2.98 mm respectively. The mid-parent heterosis and heterobeltiosis of seed length, seed width and length-width ratio of hybrid rice were positive. The average chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of hybrid rice was 7.5% and 17.86%. The mid-parent heterosis and heterobeltiosis of chalky grain rate and chalki-ness degree of hybrid rice were negative. The average amylose content of hybrid rice was 16.98% and ranged between the male sterile line and restore line. The mid-parent heterosis of amylose content of hybrid rice was positive and the heterobeltiosis of amylose con-tent of hybrid rice was negative. The average gel consistency of hybrid rice was 36.28 mm, the mid-parent heterosis and heterobeltio-sis of gel consistency of hybrid rice were negative. Therefore, the ideal hybrid rice combinations with high grain quality can be select-ed according to the genetic association between the parents and hybrid rice.