心理学视域下的魏晋“志怪”小说发生论——从《搜神记》谈起

On the "Ghost" Novels in Weijin Period from the Perspective of Psychology——A Case Study of Sou Shen Ji

从心理学角度阐释文学文体的发生,是寻求文学根源的内在向度,因为人的心理活动是文学艺术产生的根源之一。魏晋南北朝时期,"志怪"小说这一类文体不断涌现,从心理学视域下究其内在成因,可知"志怪"小说之发生,首先乃"焦虑"与"恐惧"的文学呈现;其次乃作者"无意识"驱动到"意识"加工的过程;最后应是社会文化对作者心理影响的"升华"。人类心理活动与时代环境的共同影响,促进了"志怪"小说的发生,也促进了文学艺术的发展。

To interpret the occurrence of literary form from the psychological point of view is the inner dimension of tracing the origin of literature because the psychological activities of human beings are the origins of literature and arts. During Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynastie（AD420-589）, the consistent emergence of ＂ghost＂ Novels is due to the literature emergence of ＂anxiety＂ and ＂fear＂ when analyzed from the psychological point of view. The second reason is the procedure of authors transforming from unconsciousness of driving to the consciousness of processing, and lastly the sublimation of social cultures on the authors. The co-effects of psychological activities and environment have facilitated the emergence of ＂ghost＂ Novels and the development of literature and arts.