“寻根文学”对乡土中国本体困境的影射与反思

Reflections of “Root-Searching Literature” on Ontology Dilemma in Rural China

"三农"问题是中国的根本问题,"寻根文学"从现实层面折射了中国发展的足迹,印证了乡土中国在发展过程中面临的外部冲击与本体困境。在本体困境中,一方面,传统乡土中国的痼疾继续在现实中发酵,如对血缘性的重视、对地缘性的轻视导致了乡土中国的封闭与落后;另一方面,建国初期一系列政策,包括农业合作化运动、统购统销政策、户籍管理制度等,虽然保障了城市的利益,促进了中国现代化建设,但却牺牲了农村的发展,铸成了困扰中国至今的"三农"问题。"寻根文学"从民间视角揭示了乡土人生存的艰难境遇,以及乡土人悲剧的底层意识,它所呈现的不是个人的命运,而是乡土中国发展的残酷现实。

The problems of ＂agriculture, rural areas and farmers＂ are fundamental in China, and ＂root- searching literature＂ refracts the footprint of the China＇ s development in the practical level, and demonstrates the external shocks and the ontology dilemma the rural China faces in development. On the one hand, the traditional vernacular Chinese illnesses continue fermentating in reality, such as emphasis on blood relationship and contempt of geopolitical relationship, and on the other hand, in the early days after foundation of PRC, a series of policies, such as the agricultural cooperative movement, unified purchase and marketing policy, and the household registra- tion management system, etc. guaranteed the interests of the city and promoted China＇ s modernization at the ex- pense of rural development, which caused the problems of ＂agriculture, rural areas and farmers＂ in China up to now. ＂Root-searching literature＂, from the perspective of folk, reveals both the local people＇ s difficult living cir- cumstances and the bottom of their tragedy consciousness, which is not about personal fate, but about the reality of rural China.