子午沙鼠的室内繁殖特征

Reproductive performance of indoor-housed Meriones meridianus

目的了解和掌握子午沙鼠在实验室内繁殖特征。方法根据1996~2002年实验室饲养的子午沙鼠记录数据,推导雌雄体的性成熟期和雌体妊娠期,统计分析不同胎次和月份每窝产仔数、离乳数、成活率和性比结果。结果雌雄体的性成熟期分别为（109.3±21.0）d和（106.3±21.7）d,妊娠期为（21.3±1.4）d;1~7胎各胎次之间出生数和离乳数差异不显著（P〉0.05）,而第4胎和第6胎的成活率低于平均胎仔数,但差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;1~7胎之间雌雄百分比差异没有显著性（P〉0.05）,各胎次平均雌雄比例为1.4∶1.0。在12个月份中,9月-11月停止繁殖,其它各月份之间每窝出生数之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,每窝离乳数和成活率在部分月份之间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论与野生子午沙鼠繁殖数据比较,实验室驯化对子午沙鼠繁殖有影响,主要为季节繁殖提前到12月,繁殖窝数增加1~2窝。本结果为该鼠种实验动物化研究提供参考。

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproductive characteristics of indoor- housed Meriones meridianus. Methods According to the data of Meriones meridianus from 1996 to 2002 in the Center for Laboratory Animal research of Xinjiang, the sexual maturity period of male and female animals, the gestation period of female animals, the litter size, weaning rate, survival rate, sex ratio per month and different fetal times were statistically analyzed. Results Sexual maturity period of male and female animals was 109.3 ± 21.0 clays and 106.3 ± 21.7 days, and gestation period of female animals was 21.3 ± 1.4 days. The litter size, weaning rate of different fetal times showed no significant difference compared between those of the first to seventh litter （ P 〉 0. 05 ） , and the survival rate of fourth and sixth litter were lower than that of the average offspring per litter, but the difference was no significant （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. The sex ratio of from first to sixth litter indicated no significant difference （ P 〉 0. 05 ） , and the average proportion of male and female was 1.4：1.0. During a year, the animals almost stopped to reproduce from September to November, however, the differences of litter size between the other months were statistically not significant （ P 〉0. 05 ） , the weaning rate and survival rate per month suggested a significant difference （P 〈 0.05 ） between some of the months. Conclusions Compared with the background data of wild Meriones meridianus, the laboratory reproduction of Meriones meridianus show some differences, mainly, the season of breeding is shifted to December, and the number of reproduction increased by one or two litters. Our results provide useful reference for laboratory animalization of Meriones meridianus.