组织工程软骨构建中不同支架材料的特征

Construction of tissue-engineered cartilage: characteristics of different scaffolds

背景:国内外研究认为软骨组织工程是治疗软骨缺损的新方向,目前在目前基础研究方面已取得部分进展,同时支架材料的构建在软骨组织工程中必不可少,至关重要。目的:系统回顾及总结目前软骨组织工程中不同支架材料在关节软骨缺损修复中的应用。方法:以"组织工程、支架、软骨"为中文检索词,以"tissue engineering,scaffold,cartilage"为英文检索词,应用计算机检索中国知网、维普、万方和Pub Med数据库2005年1月至2015年1月的基础研究文献,同时对文章中的参考文献进行人工检索。结果与结论:对组织工程软骨支架的选择与制备,应充分考虑到天然水凝胶材料、人工合成支架材料、复合支架材料、纳米支架材料、可注射性支架材料的优缺点。目前组织工程软骨支架材料与人体自然软骨达不到正常过渡,因此,含有过渡区域即软骨钙化层的多层一体化支架的研制将可能是今后骨软骨组织工程研究的重点之一。

BACKGROUND： Most scholars believe that the cartilage tissue engineering is a new direction for the treatment of cartilage defects. It has made partial progress in the basic research, and to construct a scaffold is essential in cartilage tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE： To systematically review and summarize the application of different tissue-engineered scaffolds in articular cartilage repair.METHODS： A computer-based search of CNKI, VIP and Pub Med databases was performed for relevant basic research literatures published from January 2005 to January 2015 using the keywords of ＂tissue engineering, scaffold, cartilage＂ in Chinese and English, respectively. Meanwhile, references in the retrieved articles were retrieved manually. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： For selection and preparation of tissue-engineered cartilage scaffolds, it is necessary to fully take into account the advantages and disadvantages of natural hydrogel materials, synthetic scaffolds, composite scaffolds, nano-scaffolds, and injectable scaffolds. Currently, there is still no normal transition between all tissue-engineered cartilage scaffolds and the natural cartilage. Therefore, to develop nano-multilayer integrated scaffolds with the calcified cartilage layer is expected to become one of the research focuses of bone and cartilage tissue engineering.