刑法中职业禁止的性质及其适用边界

Occupation Prohibition's Legal Noature and Application Standard in the Criminal Law

职业禁止作为一项保安处分,存在过度干涉公民基本权利的危险,必须严格遵循刑法的比例原则,限制职业禁止的适用边界。与职业有关的犯罪是职业禁止适用的事实前提,但是犯罪必须与特定的职业具有实质关联性。通过对罪犯人身危险性进行考察和估量,评估其再次实施与职业有关的犯罪的可能性大小,确定是否需要适用职业禁止预防再犯罪,这是职业禁止适用的实质条件。

As a security measure, occupation prohibition should be strictly applied to the criminal law fol- lowing the proportional principle; otherwise it would have excessive interference in citizens＂ basic rights. Ca- reer-related crime is the factual premise of the application standard of occupation prohibition but the crime must have substantive association with a particular occupation. Measuring the criminals＇ personal dangerous- ness determines the possibility of re-commitment related to occupations, and it decides if it is necessary to ap- ply occupation prohibition to realize the special prevention. The prevention to recommitment o{ crime is the key to the application standard of occupation prohibition.