纳卫星激光反射器光机设计及激光测距分析

Optical and Mechanical Design of Laser Retro-Reflector for a Nano-Satellite and Analysis of Laser Ranging

针对我国首个大气密度探测纳卫星高精度测轨应用需求,设计了重量约112g、有效反射面积大于1cm2、外形尺寸为Φ96mm×20mm的轻型八棱台结构被动型激光反射器,作为无功耗载荷应用于纳卫星激光精密测轨,解决了纳卫星高精度独立测轨和外部轨道精确标定问题。利用地面激光测距台站开展卫星跟踪和精密测量,提供亚厘米级精度的激光测量数据。根据激光雷达测距方程及地面测距系统参数,分析了纳卫星激光回波信号强度,以及激光观测数据精度。测量结果表明,纳卫星激光反射器设计结果与实测数据相符,测距数据精度达8~9mm,可以满足纳卫星高精度激光测距要求,并支持卫星精密定轨及大气密度探测科学任务。

To meet the application requirements of the first nano-satellite used for atmosphere density detection, a light-weight passive octahedral laser retro-reflector without power consumption has been designed with a weight of less than 120 g, an effective reflecting area of more than 1 cm2 , a size of φ96 mm×20 mm for performing laser ran- ging and providing indispensable support for highly precise orbit measurement and calibration for scientific research and applications. The laser data with sub-centimeter precision could be obtained by ground laser ranging station through tracking the nano-satellite and observation. Based on laser ranging link equation and parameters of the laser ranging system, the number of laser echoes and laser ranging precision from the nano-satellite laser ranging has also been performed. It is indicated from the real measuring results from the ground laser ranging station that the design of laser retro-reflector is feasible to meet requirements of laser measurement with a precision of 8-9 mm and orbit determination and atmosphere density detection mission.