改革开放以来我国职业声望排序及变迁研究

Study on Ordination and Changes of the Occupational Prestige Since the Reform and Opening-up

职业声望是社会分层的主观维度,对于理解社会结构及其变迁具有重要意义。以马克斯·韦伯的社会分层理论为指导,对不同职业声望进行网络调查,并对政治、经济、社会3种声望进行单独排序和综合排序。通过对3个时期职业声望排序的比较发现,体制内职业声望评价位于职业分层结构的顶端,传统常规类职业声望的地位优势不复存在,文艺类职业表现出与高经济地位相悖的、相对较低的政治、社会地位,高知识型职业的声望评价有所下降。随着改革开放的深入,我国职业声望排序趋于平稳。

The occupational prestige is the subjective dimension of the social stratification, and it isimportant to study the social structure and its changes. Directed by the Max Weber'social stratificationtheory, according to the data from the network investigation, the paper sorted every occupational prestigeindependently from three dimensions, which are political status, economic status and social status, andsorted them with comprehensive sorting. Through the comparison of the three periods of the occupationalprestige sorting, we found that occupations in bureaucracy are at the top of the occupational hierarchy,and the advantage of traditional occupations is no longer in existence. Meanwhile literary occupationsshowed an inconsistent status with low political, social status and a high economic status. Prestigeevaluation of high knowledge occupations has declined, and along with the continuing of the reform andopening up, China's occupational prestige ranking tends to be stable.