改革开放以来我国土地政策变迁的历史与逻辑

History and Logic of Land Policy Changes Since the Reform and Opening up

运用经济社会效应导向的综合性研究框架,将改革开放以来的土地政策变迁分为3个阶段:转型初期的土地政策(1979—2002年),科学发展观时期的土地政策(2003—2012年),全面深化改革时期的土地政策(2013至今),并分别归纳为"扩张型""规范型和""合理型"。通过对变迁逻辑的透视,发现私有产权、基本经济制度、市场配置是导致效率提高的制度选择,而利益结构失衡、地方政府牟利冲动是导致土地政策不理想的重要原因。中国土地政策继续改革的关键在于解决好土地可持续利用激励机制缺乏,土地收益分配机制不公平,所有制和私人产权矛盾以及政府与市场不合理定位这4类问题。

By using the economic and social effects-orientedcomprehensive framework,the land policyfrom the reform and opening up is divided into three stages: the transition period(1979- 2002),thescientific concept of development period(2003 to 2012)and the comprehensive deepening reform period(2013 to today). Based on the content and effects of the land policy, the three stages of land policysummed up as 'efficiency deletion', ' dilated', ' standard' and ' reasonable type'. On the basis ofthree historical phasesanalysis, we find that the system to improve the efficiency is the private propertyrights, the basic economic system and the market allocation. The important cause of the land policy,which is not ideal is the imbalance of interest structure and the local government profit impulse. The keyof China 's land policy reform is to solve the four kinds of problems that are the lack of incentivemechanism of sustainable land use, the unfair mechanism of land income distribution, the contradictionbetween the ownership and property right and the unreasonable positioning of the government and themarket.