要素报酬差异、劳动力结构演化与产业变迁——基于中国第一和第二次经济普查的实证证据

Factor Return Differentials,Structure Evolution of Labor Force and Industry Transition:Empirical Evidence from Chinese First and Second Economy Survey

应用中国前两次经济普查的数据,对区域和行业劳动力结构演化及对应的劳动力要素是否存在价格均等化进行检验。研究发现,地区经济发达程度不同,引致劳动力要素价格的显著差异;地区经济发展及开放程度的差异会加剧中国劳动力要素价格非均等化趋势;行业及发展程度的差异会导致中国劳动力要素的非均等化扩散;中高学历层次劳动力的正向变动在加剧劳动力要素价格差异化趋势的同时,也可为行业发展和产业变迁提供人才储备和动力。最后,从如何促进劳动力在区域和行业间转移并促进行业发展和产业升级的角度提出政策建议。

The data from Chinese first and second economy survey in 2004 and 2008is employed to analyze the regional and industrial structure changes of labor force and test the FPE theorem.The results indicate that,the development levels cause the significant differentials of factor price of labor;the degree of regional development and openness differentials aggravate the non-equalization tendencies of labor;the differentials of industry itself and development level will diffuse the nonequalization trend of labor;the positive changes of high educational labor amplify the differentials of labor factor price,but can provide intellectual storage and driving force for the development of subindustry and industry upgrading.Finally,suggestions for how to promote the regional and industrial shift of labor and the development and upgrade of industry are proposed out.