非裔美国文学的修辞策略——小亨利·路易斯·盖茨的喻指理论

The Rhetorical Strategy of Afro-American Literature:A Survey of Henry Louis Gates,Jr.'s Theory of Signification

作为非裔美国文学特有的一种修辞策略,喻指根源于泛非洲文化阐释体系。盖茨通过融合杜波依斯的双重意识概念,吸收和借鉴索绪尔符号学的分析模式和巴赫金狂欢化诗学的理论成果,创立了喻指理论。喻指理论立足黑人阐释学和黑人土语的修辞策略,以研究非裔美国文学中存在的隐喻修正、言说者文本、说话文本和重写言说者文本等四种双声文本关系为核心,发掘后辈文本对前辈文本的差异性重复和修正,将语言分析与文化考古相结合,揭示非裔美国文学的双声性和互文性特征,对黑人文学缺乏原创性的论调给予了理论回击,动摇了非裔美国文学批评中白人批评理论的霸权地位,开辟了关注语言能指和文本关系的黑人文学批评新思路。

As a unique rhetorical strategy in the Afro-American literature,Signification is deeply rooted in the Pan-African cultural system of interpretation.Henry Louis Gates,Jr.established his theory of Significa tion through merging with Du-Bois＇ concept of ＂double consciousness＂,and absorbing and profiting fron Saussure＇s semiotics and Bakhtin＇s Carnival Poetics.Gates＇ theory,as a combination of language researcand cultural study,is grounded firmly in the black Hermeneutics and the rhetorical strategies of black vernac ular and centered on the exploration of the four sorts of double-voiced textual relations—Tropological Revi sion,The Speakerly Text,Talking Texts and Rewriting the Speakerly.By emphasizing the difference ofpresent text from the repeated/revised text（s） and revealing the double-voicedness and intertextuality withi（？）Afro-American literature,Signification hits back at the argument that Afro-American literature lacks original ity,and thus shakes the hegemony of the white critical theories in the black literary criticism and offers a new way of looking at signifiers and textual relations in Afro-American literary criticism.