“讽喻构成文学洞见的真正深度”——论保罗·德曼的文学讽喻观及其特色

“Allegorical Dimension Constitutes the Real Depth of Literary Insight”——On Paul de Man's Allegorical Theory and its Distinctions

保罗·德曼指出,修辞性是语言运作的根本特征,讽喻以修辞为基础但又超越了修辞,讽喻叙述是修辞叙述的深化与延伸。这一讽喻理论对阅读、文学史、作者等传统观念提出质疑。德曼的讽喻叙述与伽达默尔"为讽喻恢复名誉"、詹姆逊"讽喻现实主义"构成互文对照关系,它们分别表征着三位理论家解构主义、人文主义和"新马克思主义"的理论立场,为讽喻这一传统观念的当代复兴作出独特贡献。

Paul de Man argues rhetoricity is essential nature of linguistic performances, and allegory established upon rhetoric goes beyond it so that allegorical narrative is further extension and deepening of rhetoric narrative. Such an allegorical theory makes problematic traditional concepts like ＂reading,＂ ＂literary history＂ and ＂author＂. De Man＇s allegorical narrative, Gadamer＇s ＂rehabilitation of allegory＂ and Jameson＇s ＂allegorical realism＂ are inter-textual and comparable, all of which contribute to ＂ contemporary rebirth of allegory＂ respectively in deconstructionist, humanist and New Marxist positions.