非盟与东盟干预规范演进比较分析

A Comparative Analysis of the AU and the ASEAN's Intervention Norms

尽管非盟与东盟起点类似且同为战后新兴民族国家的区域一体化组织,二者在区域干预问题上的表现却大相径庭:非盟实现了从"不干预"到"不漠视"的规范转变,而东盟则依旧是"不干预"原则的坚定支持者。对于二者的差异,既有理论提供了地缘政治、社会压力、区域结构、历史情感等解释思路,但仍然存在漏洞,特别是未能将二者的分化置于历史进程中加以考察。在反思上述偏差的基础上,作者借鉴国际关系实践理论的发展,引入实践视角与时间维度,强调区域规范演进是复杂、开放的历史过程,突出不同实践经历所调整累积的背景知识的关键影响。冷战时代非盟与东盟对于南非与中南半岛问题的处置所沉淀的背景知识在后续卢旺达危机及对缅甸制裁中的应用,循环交互作用,推动了非洲和东南亚在区域合作实践中出现分化。同样基于维护国内政权安全的基本考虑,非盟更新和发展了传统原则,而东盟的非正式传统则保持了不干预及不制裁的原则。

With similar start point as regional integration organizations of emerging post-war nation-states,the African Union(AU) and the ASEAN now have divergent performances on the problem of regional interventions.Today,AU realized the normative transformation from the 'non-interference' to 'non-indifference' while ASEAN is still a staunch supporter of the 'non-interference' principle.For the difference between the two,existing IR theories provides various possible explanations,including geopolitical factors,international social pressures,regional normative structure,and historical hatred emotion.However,all of them have loopholes,particularly failing to examine the emergence of divergence in specific historical process.Reflecting on the above shortcomings,the paper derives insights from the development of the IR practice theory and introduces the 'practice' perspective and 'time' dimension to emphasize that the evolution of regional norm is a complex and open historical process.It highlights the key influences of background knowledge accumulated by different practical experiences.The article argues,experiences accumulated during sanctions against South Africa and Vietnam during the Cold War era,and the subsequent application of these background knowledge during the Rwanda crisis and the Burma issue,and the interaction cycle between the two,pushed Africa and Southeast Asia to promote different regional cooperation practice.Different key historical practices produced different background information of engaging with intervention.Based on similar concerns of maintaining domestic regime security,the AU's collective sanctions doctrine has updated rather than broken with a traditional interpretation of non-interference,while for ASEAN,the longstanding tradition of informality and adherence to non-interference has continued to rule out regional sanctions.