诗歌语法的“深层语法”——雅各布森“对等”与“平行”诗学思想论

“Subliminal Grammar” of “Grammar of Poetry”:On Jakobson's Linguistic Poetics Concerning Equivalence and Parallelism

罗曼·雅各布森坚信,诗歌必然是"语法的诗歌",诗学必然以研究"诗歌的语法"为中心任务。他通过大量的诗歌语法批评实践证明,在一切诗歌文本中,诗歌语法所遵循的"对等"和"平行"法则是诗歌语法的"深层语法",是主导性的诗性功能在文本中最直观、最丰富的显现,某种程度上它们也成为判断"文学性"的客观标准。这种诗歌语法研究使人们暂时摆脱了对所谓"真理价值"的追问,而引向了对"文学行为"具体化的一种检验,并由此开辟了理解文学本体结构的一条科学化道路,这种语言诗学对于当下文学理论的跨学科建设、纠正文化研究忽视文学本体的弊端等都具有重要的借鉴和启示意义。

Roman Jakobson firmly believed that poetry is necessarily ＂grammatical poetry＂,and the central task of poetics is necessarily to study ＂grammar of poetry＂. Through multiple criticism practices about grammar of poetry,he proved that the principle of equivalence and parallelism that grammar of poetry follows is the ＂subliminal grammar＂ of grammar of poetry,is also the most intuitive and the most abundant show of poetic function in poetic text. To some extent,it becomes objective criterion to judge ＂literariness＂.This research on grammar of poetry enables us to get rid of demands for ＂truth value＂ temporarily,turns to a test of the specific ＂literary activities＂,thus paving a scientific way for the understanding of structure of the literature ontology. This linguistic poetics is important significance to constructing our interdisciplinary poetics and to correcting the error that ignores the literary ontology in cultural studies.