不强迫自证其罪条款之实质解释论纲

The Outline of Substantial Interpretation on the Privilege Against Self-incrimination

2012年刑事诉讼法新增不强迫自证其罪条款,禁止以各种强制方法课以被告人主动提供针对自己的归罪信息之义务,该条款与禁止刑讯逼供等不正当讯问方法的规定具有不同规范内涵。根据不强迫自证其罪条款,一切以直接或间接手段课以被告人主动配合义务的取证行为将被宣告违法,所获得的证据应根据刑诉法第54条分别适用不同的排除标准。不强迫自证其罪条款的规范效力并不仅限于刑事诉讼本身,如果行政机关在行政执法过程中的取证行为违反不强迫自证其罪条款的实质要求,则该证据在刑事诉讼中的准入资格将可能受到限制。

The privilege against self- incrimination is added into the new Chinese Criminal Procedural Law amended in 2012,which prohibits compelling the defendant to offer evidence incriminating himself. This provision is different from the prohibition of unlawful interrogation techniques. According to the former,it＇s illegal to impose coordinate duty on the defendant with direct or indirect methods,and the evidences obtained in these ways should be excluded under the article 54 of criminal procedure law. As well,the privilege against self- incrimination is not only applied in criminal procedure,but also to the administrative enforcement of law. If the administrative enforcement authorities and personnel obtain evidence in violation of the privilege,the admissibility of the evidence may be restricted in Criminal Procedure.