长春市社区老年人居家养老服务需求与满足现状调查研究

The current status of home-based pension service demand and supply in Changchun community

目的 :调查长春市社区老年人居家养老服务需求与满足现状,为社区养老工作的发展提供依据。方法 :采用问卷调查法与半结构式访谈法,使用社区老年人居家养老服务需求与满足情况问卷,对长春市6个社区的322名老年人进行调查,对比分析老年人在精神慰藉、医疗保健、生活照顾及经济帮扶4个方面的需求及满足情况。结果 :老年人对精神慰藉、医疗保健、经济帮扶、生活照顾的需求比例依次为37.89%、30.43%、18.63%、13.04%,但满足率较低,调查问卷中所涉及的19项需求中满足率在10%以下的有11项(57.9%),需求与满足情况差别较大。结论 :政府应加大对社区老年人居家养老的帮扶与投资力度,构建完善的社区养老服务体系,满足老年人多层次、多样化的养老需求,提升老年人社区居家养老的生活质量。

Objectives： To analyze the current status of home-based pension service demand and supply in Changchun community, and to provide the references for the development of community pension service. Methods： Totally 332 elderly in 6 communities in Changchun were recruited and investigated by the questionnaire and semi-structured interview. We compared the service supply and demand differences of four demands, including mental comfort, health care, living care and economic support. Results： The demand rate of mental comfort, health care, economic support and living care, among 322 elderly was 37.89%, 30.43%, 18.63%, and 13.04%, separately, and the satisfaction rate of the elderly demand in the community was low. There were 11 items（57.9%） among 19 items in questionnaire with demand satisfaction rate lower than 10%. The demand and supply had great differences. Conclusions： The government should strengthen the investment in the community home-based pension service greatly, build perfect community pension service system in order to satisfy the multi-levels and diversified pension demands of the elderly, and improve the quality of life of the home-based elderly in community.