洋务派的中西文化观——西学中源说与中体西用论之探析

Westernization Group Views on Western and Chinese Cultures——Analysis of Theory of Western Learning Being of Chinese Origin and Theory of Chinese Culture in Western Use

"西学中源"说与"中体西用"论是晚清两种相似的理论范式,鸦片战争后,这两种理论同时萌芽,至洋务运动晚期臻至成熟。这一过程中,二者既相互纠缠又相互促进,以不同的方式调适了中国近代社会。细观这两种理论,既有一致性也有差异性,如果加以比较,"中体西用"似乎更符合历史演进规律,它汇通中西,调和新旧,满足了不同人群的需求,尤其是在实践方面的引导,更是"西学中源"说的随意比附所不可比拟的。

Two similar theoretical paradigms in the late Qing dynasty are Theory of Western Learning Being of Chinese Origin and Theory of Chinese Culture in Western Use. After the Opium War,these two theories appeared at the same time and were matured till the end of the Westernization Movement. During this process,they got confused and improved each other and adjusted to Chinese modern society in their different ways. A close study showed that the two theories had both similarities and differences. Comparatively speaking,Theory of Chinese Culture in Western Use seemed more suitable for the history evolution process since it combined China with West,reconciled the new with old,satisfied the needs of different groups of people,especially in the aspect of practice guidance,was incomparable to the Theory of Western Learning Being of Chinese Origin when it came to random analogy.