有效市场规模、空间溢出与国内旅游业省际差异

Efficient Market Scale, Spatial Spillover and Inter-provincial Differences of Domestic Tourism

文章基于旅游业的综合性特征,以市场范围假说和市场竞争为理论基础,从需求角度分析有效市场规模影响国内旅游业发展的机理,以解释国内旅游业省际差异产生的原因。采用我国大陆2000—2011年的省级面板数据、运用空间面板杜宾模型进行检验,结果显示:有效市场规模显著影响了国内旅游业发展,一省有效市场规模越大,其国内旅游业发展水平越高。同时,有效市场规模存在显著的空间溢出,溢出的程度与省域间的通达度正相关。因此,各省区可通过扩大本省有效市场规模、改善与其他省区的通达度以促进其国内旅游业发展,缩小差异。

Why is the level of tourism development higher in some provinces than others？ The factors affecting the level of tourism development are multifold, including differences in tourist attractions,facilities, transportation and location. Most empirical studies analyzing the perspective of tourism supply neglect theory and mechanism analysis due to a lack of awareness of the characteristics of the tourism industry. Travel involves food, accommodation, transportation, sightseeing, shopping and others,and requires different sectors to work together. From the supply and demand side, all of above are like products; thus, the tourism industry is composed of a number of sectors based on the division of labor, with both competition and cooperation.Based on the overall features of the tourism industry and the theory of market scale hypothesis and market competition, this paper tries to explain the causes of inter-provincial differences in the domestic tourism industry by analyzing the mechanism of how an efficient market scale affects the tourism industry from the perspective of demand. The panel data at the provincial level between 2000 and 2011 are used and the spatial Dubin model is adopted in the experiment, the result of which shows that efficient market scale can markedly influence the development of the domestic tourism industry; the larger an efficient market scale, the higher the level of development of the domestic tourism industry.Meanwhile, efficient market scale features significant spatial spillover, with a positive correlation with inter-provincial accessibility. Therefore, different provinces can expand their efficient market scale and improve inter-provincial accessibility to boost the development of tourism and narrow down the gap in the level of development.The study＇s empirical results can explain the spatial characteristics of China＇s tourism industry.The provinces with the highest level of tourism development are distributed along the east coast and the lowest are concentrated in the northwest, with the exception of Sichuan province, which has a relatively high level of tourism development. The provinces withthe level of tourism development is significant difference with thesmall differences in location and tourist attractions. The study also found that convenient transportation is critical to a province＇s success in developing its tourism sector.The above conclusions provide some indication on how to improve the development of domestic tourism and narrow the gap between provinces. First, tap the demand for tourism in a province to build an efficient market. Second, stimulate the market demand of neighboring provinces. Third, attract tourists from neighboring provinces by improving transportation and reducing travel time. By adopting the above recommendations we can narrow the gap between provinces to achieve a coordinated expansion of the travel industry and ultimately realize the goal of common development.