城市交通与高铁站接驳系统特征及模式——以苏州和上海为例

Characteristics and Modes of Connection System between Urban Transportation and High-speed Rail Station: Case Study of Suzhou and Shanghai

高铁的开通极大缩短了高铁沿线城市外部范围的交通出行时间,产生明显的"时空压缩"效应,带来了大量客流的涌入,同时极大刺激了人们的出行需求,城市交通与高铁站的接驳面临巨大挑战。为承接高铁对远位移带来的快速便捷效应,实现城市交通与高铁站的高效对接,文章以中等城市苏州和大城市上海为例,研究大中城市的接驳结构特征和时空特征,研究发现:在接驳结构特征上,大中城市以公共交通为主、出租车为辅,此外,快速公共交通有取代普通公共交通的趋势;在接驳时间特征上,大中城市共同特征在于非公共交通比公共交通更为敏感,其可承受时间范围小于公共交通,同时大城市交通用时大于中等城市;在接驳空间特征上,大中城市各交通方式出行存在3个圈层结构,分别为混合交通接驳空间带、公共交通接驳空间带和长途交通接驳空间带。在此基础上,文章从高铁站和城市交通接驳的结构特征、时间距离、空间圈层和换乘方式差异总结出大中城市的城市交通和高铁站接驳的模式,并提出城市交通和高铁站高效接驳的对策建议,即通过建设公共交通网络、建设快速公共交通体系、解决交通拥堵问题和强化便捷换乘等4种措施实现城市交通与高铁站的顺畅接驳。

The opening of the High-speed Rail（HSR） has greatly reduced the traveling time between those cities along the rail line. This has had an obvious time–space compression effect. The HSR has attracted a large number of passengers and has increased demand for travel. However, this demand has also increased tourist numbers, which has resulted in significant pressure on the transfer systems between urban transportation and the HSR station. To determine whether the introduction of the HSR has produced time- saving benefits and whether the transfer between the HSR station and urban transportation is efficient, we studied survey data on tourists＇ travel behaviour. This study focuses on two cities of different sizes： Suzhou and Shanghai, medium- sized and large cities, respectively. We studied the structural characteristics and the temporal and spatial features of the transfers between urban transportation and the HSR station in large and medium-sized cities. The various transfer modes of the two cities were explained and we presented recommendations for the efficient transfer between urban transportation and the HSR station. The key results are as follows： in terms of the structure of the transfers in large and medium- sized cities, public transport was the primary transport mode,supplemented by taxi. Public transport played an important role in the process of the transfer.Moreover, fast public transportation is replacing traditional public transportation, becoming the main mode of transportation to the HSR station. In terms of transfer time, taxis and private cars in large and medium-sized cities are more sensitive than public transportation. Passengers with longer expected time are more inclined to choose public transportation and travel by bus. Non-public transportation has a less tolerance time range than public transportation. However, traveling times differed between the two cities： traffic time in the larger city was longer than in the medium- sized city. The reasons for this mainly lie in the differences in regional range, urban traffic congestion, and the coverage of public transportation. In terms of connection space, there are three areas： non- public transportation, public transportation, and tour buses. The areas are presented as a mixed transportation transfer spatial belt（higher rate of taxis and private cars in the transfer）, public transportation transfer spatial belt（more buses and subways than taxis and cars） and a long- distance transportation spatial belt（mainly tourist buses suitable for long distance travel）. Regarding the characteristics of urban transport transfers in large and medium-sized cities, we summarized the transfer modes that reflected structural features, time distance, spatial areas, and methods of transfer. We also suggested strategies for large and mediumsized cities from macro and micro perspectives. Thus, accessibility to Suzhou＇s public traffic network could be improved and the growing demand for travel could be met with the construction of a public traffic network. The urban traffic congestion between urban transport and the HSR station could be alleviated with the construction of a fast public transportation system. Furthermore, the efficiency of the transfer and the quality of passenger travel could be improved by solving the problem of traffic congestion. A convenient transfer system would also improve the convenience of the HSR station. If these recommendations are followed, the transfer between urban transportation and the HSR station will improve.