中国四城市足月新生儿体格发育变化调查

Change trends of physical development of full-term neonates from 4 cities in China over past 25 years

目的了解中国四城市新生儿体格发育现状。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法收集北京、哈尔滨、长沙及广州4个城市单胎活产新生儿体格发育资料,与1986-1987年建立的中国新生儿体格发育参考标准及其有关原始资料进行对比分析。结果共收集单胎活产足月儿5 140例。与现行参考标准1986-1987年比较,2012年四城市各胎龄足月新生儿体格发育三项指标整体呈不同程度增长,其中体质量增长最显著(P<0.01);不同胎龄出生体质量百分位数变化表现为2012年新生儿出生体质量值大于参考标准;与2006年世界卫生组织(WHO)发布的儿童生长标准参考值比较,头围小于WHO参考值,体质量及身长大于WHO参考值。结论中国四城市足月新生儿体格发育变化呈增长趋势,部分指标已超过我国现行标准。

Objective To understand the birth conditions of singleton live full-term neonates from four cities in China and the change trends of physical development during the past 25 years （ ranging from 1986 to 2012）. Methods Random cluster sampling method was adopted to investigate the physical development of singleton live full-term neonates in Beijing, Harbin, Guangzhou and Changsha and compare with the national physical development reference standards from the investigation groups of 15 cities from 1986 to 1987. Results A total of 5 140 singleton live full-term neonates were collected. Compared with the reference standards of China, 3 indicators （body weight, height, and head circumference） of the physical development of full-term neonates in 2012 were increased at different degree, of which the most significant was body weight （P 〈0.01 ）. Percentile of birth weight of the neonates with different gestational ages in 2012 was higher than the reference standards. In addition to the head circumference of the neonates, the body weight and heightwere all larger than the reference standards of WHO in 2006 （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion The physical development of full-term neonates from the four cities in China is improved and presents an increasing trend during 25 years. Moreover, some indicators exceed the reference standards in China.