覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷防治与应急处置

Prevention,control and emergency disposal of covered karst ground collapse

覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷是覆盖型岩溶区可溶岩上覆盖层中部分土颗粒在外部因素触发下向岩溶通道和(或)溶洞中运移,导致的土体变形而产生的地面反应。土体是地面塌陷的主体,岩溶通道和(或)溶洞为土颗粒运移和储存提供了条件,外部因素通过水的不良作用、外加荷载和土洞顶板抗力降低等方式触发地面塌陷。地面塌陷的预防应采取控制触发因素、适当的工程措施以及重点监测与群测群防相结合的措施。地面塌陷的治理应根据沙漏型、土洞型和泥流型3个塌陷机理修复有缺陷的岩溶地质结构。地面塌陷应急处置应在突变、缓变和暂时稳定阶段分别采取应急自救、外界救援和工程处理措施。

Covered Karst Ground Collapse（ CKGC） is a reaction of the ground to the soil body deformation caused by partial soil particle of the overburden layer in soluble rock moving towards karst passageways or caves under action of external factors.The soil is the main body of ground collapse,and the karst passageways or caves create favorable conditions for the transport and storage of soil particles. The external factors such as the adverse effect of water,external load and resistance reducing of soil cave roof etc. trigger the ground collapse. The prevention of CKGC should take the measures such as the controlling the trigger factor,appropriate engineering measures as well as the combination of key monitoring and massive monitoring and prevention. The defective karst geological structure should be repaired according to 3 collapse mechanisms of sand leakage,soil cave and mudflow. The emergency disposal for CKGC should take the self- rescue,external aid and engineering measurer respectively in the stages of sudden deformation,slow deformation and temporary stabilization.