严寒地区人体热适应性研究(3):散热器供暖环境下热反应实验研究

Human thermal adaptation in severe cold zone(3):Experimental study on human thermal responses in radiator heating environment

为了考察冬季供暖期间室外气温变化时不同室内温度对人体生理反应和心理热反应的影响,在散热器供暖的微气候室中,对受试者的皮肤温度、心率和血压等生理参数进行了测试,并对其热感觉和热舒适等主观热反应进行了问卷调查,研究供暖初期、中期和末期人体生理反应和心理热反应的变化规律。结果表明:随着冬季室外气温的下降,人们会更容易从心理上接受偏冷的环境,对室内温度期望不高,在相同的室内环境中感觉越来越热;相同的室外气温下,随着室内温度的降低,人体的皮肤温度会降低,心率下降;当室外气温下降而室内温度相同时,人体手臂皮肤温度显著升高,心率加快。说明随着冬季供暖期室外气温的逐渐降低,人们对偏冷环境的热适应性增强,这为严寒地区人体心理适应和生理习服提供了证据。

To study the human thermal psychological and physiological responses to indoor temperature when outdoor temperature varies in different heating periods,carries out an experiment in a microclimate chamber with a radiator.Tests the physiological parameters of the subjects including skin temperature,heart rate and blood pressure,and conducts a questionnaire survey on their thermal sensation and thermal comfort.The results show that people easily accept cool indoor environment with lower expectation when the outdoor temperature is decreasing.Therefore,they feel warmer at the same indoor temperature.When the outdoor temperature is similar,the skin temperatures and heart rates of the subjects drop as the indoor temperature decreases.When the indoor temperature is constant,the arm skin temperatures and heart rates of the subjects increase as the outdoor temperature decreases.The result indicates that the subjects have thermal adaptation in the cooler environment when the outdoor temperature is lower.The experiment provides a supportive evidence for psychological adaptation and physiological acclimation of people in severe cold zone.