阿玛蒂亚·森的平等理论

On Amartya Sen's Equality Theory

在当代平等理论的讨论中,关于平等之物的争论是其中核心问题之一。阿玛蒂亚·森并不满意资源主义和福利主义两条竞争的进路,提出了第三条道路,即能力平等。森的能力概念来自于这个直观的认识,即一个人过得如何可以按照那个人的生存质量来看待。能力被界定为功能的发挥,由于人的功能是各种各样的,所以森将其分为两大类,一是人的活动,二是人的生存状态,每一个类别都包含着无数的具体功能。虽然能力与人们的真实福利息息相关,但能力的概念还是具有很大的主观性和可变性,而能力平等理论同样也面临着很多问题和挑战。

In the discussion of contemporary theory of equality, the debate about what＇s equality was one of the core issues are. Amartya Sen was not satisfied with the resources doctrine and welfarism two competitive approach,so he proposed third way that was equality of capabilities. Sen＇s capabilities concept comes from the intuitive understanding that a person can follow how nice that person＇s quality of life to look at.Is defined as the capabilities to functionings due to a variety ofhuman functionings, Sen divided it into two categories, one is person＇s activity,and second is people＇s living condition, each category contains countless specific functions.Although the capacity is closely related with people＇s real benefits, but the concept still has great ability of subjectivity and variability, and equality of capabilities is also facing many problems and challenges.