1Black,P.; Harrison,C.; Lee,C.; Marshall,B.& William,D.(2002).Working inside the Black Box:Assessment for Learning in the Classroom.London,UK:King's College London School of Education.转引自 Paul Black:The Nature and Value of Formative Assessment for Learning,p.2.参见:http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/education/papers/FormativeAsst.pdf,2004-6-2.
3Black,P.andWilliam,D.(1998).Inside the Black Box:Raising Standard throughClassroom Assessment.参见:http://www.kcl.acuk/depsta/education/publications/blackboxhtml,12-6-2002.
4Black,P.; Harrison,C.; Lee,C.; Marshall,B.& William,D.(2003).Assessment for Learning:Putting it into Practice.Maidenhead:Open University Press,p.27.
6Rowe,M.A.(1974).Wait Time and Rewards as Instructional Variables,their Influence on Language,Logic and Fate Control,Journal of Research in Science Teaching,11:81-94.
7Black,P.; Harrison,C.; Lee,C.; Marshall,B.& William,D.(2003).Assessment for Learning:Putting it into Practice.Maidenhead:Open University Press,p.40.p.43.p.49.p51.p.54.p.55.p.55.
