公路隧道中部视错觉减速标线的优化

Optimization of Optical Illusion Deceleration Markings in Middle of Highway Tunnel

为了改善隧道中部的减速效果,提出了高、低频视觉信息组合的设计方法。利用3ds Max软件制作公路隧道仿真场景的视频,并在隧道侧墙上设置高频8~16 Hz和低频0.2~4 Hz的视错觉组合标线,采用E-prime2.0软件对设置单一频率和高、低频组合的视觉信息进行了心理物理学试验,得出不同信息下的驾驶员的速度错觉程度,进而分析了视错觉标线的减速效果。试验结果表明：多频率组合信息使驾驶员对速度的感知产生高估,其中设置高频信息为12 Hz和低频信息为0.2 Hz相组合的视觉信息使驾驶员的速度高估程度为8.21%较合理,同时驾驶员的反应时最短为2.09 s。在此基础上,通过行车安全距离模型,计算得出隧道中部在限速80 km/h下的车辆安全距离最少为67 m,与传统的行车安全距离90 m相比减小25.6%,更符合实际的行车状况。

In order to improve the deceleration effect in middle of tunnel, the design method of visual information combined with high and low frequencies is proposed. With the video of highway tunnel simulation scene made by 3ds Max software, and the optical illusion combination marking in high frequency （8 - 16 Hz） and low frequency （0. 2 -4 Hz ） set up on tunnel side walls, the psychophysical experiments of the visual information about a single frequency and a series of combination of high and low frequencies is conducted by E-prime2.0 software to obtain the degree of driver＇s speed illusion under different information, thus the deceleration effect of visual illusion marking is analyzed. The experimental result shows that multi-frequency combined information makes driver＇s speed perception overestimation, and the driver＇s rational speed overestimation degree is 8.21% when high frequency and low frequency combined visual information are 12 Hz and 0. 2 Hz respectively, and the driver＇s shortest reaction time is 2. 08 s. On this basis, it is calculated by the safety driving distance mode that the vehicle safety distance at the speed limit of 80 km/h in the middle of highway tunnel is at least 67 m, it decreases 25.6% compared with traditional safety distance （90 m）, which conforms to the actual driving condition.