中国农产品市场对外开放的适度性研究

A Probe into the Moderation of China's Agricultural Market Opening

中国农业对外开放提高了市场福利,减轻了政府的补贴压力,但也造成粮食自给率低于安全水平。将农产品市场划分为保障粮食自给的国内保护市场和提高市场福利的国内开放市场两部分,改进市场福利最大化模型,构建反映市场福利的相对控制指数,实证评估了1991-2012年期间基于粮食分类的不同农产品市场对外开放的适度性。结果表明,口粮市场开放适度、谷物市场开放不足、广义粮食市场开放影响安全、食物市场开放比较过度和非食用农产品市场开放严重不足。中国应基于比较优势和资源约束,针对不同农产品调整对外开放政策,做到粮食自给和市场福利的最佳组合。

China＇s agricultural market opening improves welfare and reduces pressure on government subsidies,but results in food self-sufficiency rate below the safety level. In this article,agricultural market is divided into two parts,one is domestic protection market to ensure food self-sufficiency and the other is domestic opening market to improve welfare. Market welfare maximization model is revised and relative control index to reflect market welfare is constructed. Moderation of different agri-products markets are assessed from 1991 to 2012. The results show that ration markets opened moderately,cereal markets less,large grain markets affected the safety,food market opened excessively,and there was a serious shortage of non food agricultural market. China should adjust the open door policy for different agri-products to achieve the best combination of food self-sufficiency and market welfare.