湖南莽山华南五针松群落特征

Characteristics of Pinus kwangtungensis community at Mangshan, Hunan province

华南五针松Pinus kwangtungensis属国家II级保护植物,分布于广东、广西、湖南、海南等地海拔900 m以上的阳坡地带,具有重要的景观价值和生态价值。本次研究应用相邻格子法调查研究了湖南莽山鬼子寨华南五针松群落的外貌、物种组成、物种多样性、科属区系地理成分以及群落优势种的年龄结构特征等,结果表明,在3 000 m2的样方中,有维管植物96种,隶属于36科63属;群落外貌体现为典型的亚热带针阔叶混交林;群落乔木层的Simpson和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为0.951 0和3.116 0。从年龄结构表明,华南五针松幼苗数量稀少,在以后的发展演替过程中很可能被阔叶树种取代。通过对比广东南岭自然保护区、曲江罗坑自然保护区、石门台自然保护区、杨东山十二渡水自然保护区华南五针松群落特征,莽山地区华南五针松种群的衰退程度较其他四地强烈,亟需采取保护措施。

Pinus kwangtungensis is the nation second level plant, distributed in sunny area where the elevation more than 900, in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hainan, etc. Pinus kwangtungensis have important landscape value and ecological value.The basic characteristics of Pinus kwangtungensis community in Guizizhai, Mangshan, were studied based on contiguous grid quadrats. There are 96 species of vascular plants belong to 63 genera and 36 families in an aera of 3 000 m^2.The physiognomy of the community is subtropics mixed coniferous broad leaved forest;the species indexes of Simpson and Shannon-Wiener in the tree layer are 0.951 0 and 3.116 0; the age structure states chearly that the amount of Pinus kwangtungensis seedling is scarce, Pinus kwangtungensis may be replaced by deciduous species; compared with the Characteristics of Pinus kwangtungensis Community in Nanling natural reserve, Luokeng natural reserve, Shimentai natural reserve, Shierdushui natural reserve; the degree of deline obout Pinus kwangtungensis is more fierce than other four areas,it is high time for us to take actions to protect it.